Submarine volcanoes
are underwater fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can
erupt. They are estimated to account for 75% of annual magma output. The
vast majority are located near areas of tectonic plate movement, known
as ocean ridges. Although most are located in the depths of seas and
oceans, some also exist in shallow water, which can spew material into
the air during an eruption. Hydrothermal vents, sites of abundant
biological activity, are commonly found near submarine volcanoes.
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